Gardening in Illinois: What the Season Actually Allows
Illinois gardening comes down to one question: how many frost-free days do you actually get to work with?
Home & garden, state by state
Everything we have worked out for Illinois: what to plant and when, which varieties finish in time, the pests that actually turn up here, and the jobs that pay off month by month. We also cover the rest of the property, from lawns and soil to home care and energy, because a garden rarely stops at the vegetable bed.
The numbers first, because everything else follows from them. Measured at the weather station in Chicago, the last spring freeze runs April 11 to April 22 and the first fall freeze runs October 24 to November 3, USDA zones 5a-7b, 3,274 growing degree days in the year.
Garlic does well: 26.1 weeks below 40 °F, comfortably past the six it needs to form a proper head.
Elsewhere on the property in Illinois: the pests that turn up here.
Figures from NOAA's 1991-2020 climate normals. A state is not one climate: elevation, a large lake or the coast can move these dates by two weeks either way, so check your own county with the extension service before you spend money.
Illinois gardening comes down to one question: how many frost-free days do you actually get to work with?
Illinois lawns need cool-season grass seed, and the right mix and sowing date depend on where in the state you garden.
A month-by-month guide to mowing, feeding, and seeding a cool-season Illinois lawn, built around Chicago-area frost data and Clemson’s tall fescue calendar.
Squash bugs show up in Illinois gardens as soon as soil temperatures climb into the 60s, usually mid-May in the southern counties and closer to early…
Colorado potato beetles show up in Illinois when soil temperatures climb into the 50-degree range, usually between mid-April and early May in the…
Squash vine borer adults typically emerge in Illinois between mid-June and late July, with southern counties seeing activity about two weeks ahead of the…
The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) reaches its peak activity in Illinois twice a year: a spring emergence around late March through…
Japanese beetles start showing up in Illinois in late June, with populations peaking through July and tapering off by mid-to-late August.
Spotted lanternfly has landed in Illinois, and the state’s confirmed detections are concentrated in the Chicago metro area, particularly Cook County…
Bagworms show up in Illinois every year without exception, and the state’s humid summers give them plenty of time to do damage.